Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. This can lead to discomfort, irritation, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. It is important to understand the difference between chronic dry eye and temporary dry eye, as the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can vary.
 

What is Chronic Dry Eye?

Chronic dry eye, also known as dry eye syndrome, is a long-term condition that requires ongoing management. It is usually caused by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear evaporation. Chronic dry eye can be a result of various factors including aging, eye gland dysfunction, eyelid inflammation, hormonal changes, certain medications, and medical conditions such as Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
 

Symptoms of chronic dry eye may include persistent dryness, redness, burning or stinging sensation, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a feeling of something being stuck in the eye. If left untreated, chronic dry eye can lead to corneal damage and vision problems.
 

Treatment Options for Chronic Dry Eye

The treatment for chronic dry eye aims to relieve symptoms, improve tear production, and prevent further complications. The primary treatment options include:
 

• Artificial tears: Over-the-counter artificial tear drops can provide temporary relief by lubricating the eyes and replacing the lack of tears. It is important to choose preservative-free drops for long-term use.
• Prescription eye drops: In some cases, your optometrist may prescribe medicated eye drops that reduce inflammation and help increase tear production. These drops may contain cyclosporine, lifitegrast, or corticosteroids.
• Punctal plugs: These tiny plugs are inserted into the tear ducts to block the drainage of tears. This helps to keep the tears on the surface of the eyes for a longer time, providing more lubrication.
• Lifestyle changes: Making certain lifestyle modifications can also help manage chronic dry eye. These may include using a humidifier to add moisture to the air, avoiding dry and windy environments, taking regular breaks from prolonged screen time, and wearing wraparound sunglasses to protect the eyes from wind and dust.

Understanding Temporary Dry Eye

Temporary dry eye, also known as episodic or occasional dry eye, is a more short-term condition that is usually triggered by environmental factors or certain activities. It is often caused by factors such as exposure to dry air, wind, smoke, dust, or prolonged screen time.
 

Symptoms of temporary dry eye may include a dry or gritty feeling in the eyes, redness, irritation, and occasional blurred vision. These symptoms are usually mild and go away once the underlying cause is addressed.
 

Treating Temporary Dry Eye

The treatment for temporary dry eye focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. The following treatment options are commonly used:
 

Artificial tears: Over-the-counter artificial tear drops can provide immediate relief by lubricating the eyes and reducing dryness. These drops can be used as needed, but it is important to choose preservative-free drops for long-term use.
 

• Rest and hydration: Taking breaks from activities that contribute to dry eye, such as prolonged screen time, can give the eyes a chance to rest and recover. Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated can also help maintain adequate tear production.
• Environmental modifications: Making changes to the environment can help alleviate temporary dry eye symptoms. Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air, avoiding exposure to dry or windy conditions, and wearing protective eyewear, such as wraparound sunglasses, can help prevent dryness.

When to See an Optometrist for Dry Eye Treatment

If you are experiencing persistent or severe dry eye symptoms, it is recommended to see an optometrist for a proper diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, if you have underlying medical conditions, such as Sjogren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis, that may contribute to dry eye, it is important to seek professional guidance.
 

An optometrist can perform a comprehensive eye examination, evaluate the tear film quality, and determine the underlying cause of your dry eye symptoms. They can then recommend appropriate treatment options tailored to your specific needs.
 

If you are experiencing dry eye symptoms that are affecting your daily life, don't delay seeking professional help. Schedule an appointment with our optometrist to get the proper diagnosis and treatment for your dry eye condition. Visit Federal Hill Eye Care at our office in Baltimore, Maryland, or call (410) 752-8208 to book an appointment today.